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All skin concerns

Breakouts & Congestion

Acne

Inflammatory and congestive breakouts driven by oil, keratin and bacteria within the follicle.

01

What it is

Acne is a chronic follicular condition, not a hygiene problem. It presents as blackheads and closed comedones (congestion), papules and pustules (inflammatory), and in more severe cases nodules and cysts that sit deep in the dermis.

Most people experience a mix of types at once, across different facial zones, which is why a single product or single treatment rarely resolves it.

02

Why it happens

  • Excess sebum production, often hormonally driven, combined with retained keratin that blocks the follicular opening.
  • Proliferation of C. acnes bacteria within the blocked follicle, triggering an inflammatory response.
  • Contributing factors: hormonal fluctuation and PCOS, occlusive or comedogenic products, barrier damage from over-exfoliation, medication, stress and sleep.

03

The layer involved

Structure

Pilosebaceous unit — epidermis into the dermis

The follicle and its attached sebaceous gland. Congestion forms in the upper follicle; inflammation and cysts extend into the dermis, which is where scarring risk begins.

05 · When we may need a medical assessment

Some things belong with a doctor first.

  • Nodular or cystic acne, or acne that is leaving scars — early medical treatment prevents permanent damage.
  • Acne unresponsive to 3+ months of appropriate topical and in-clinic care.
  • Sudden adult-onset acne, or acne with irregular cycles, excess hair growth or hair loss — hormonal assessment is warranted.
  • Acne causing significant distress or affecting mental wellbeing.

This page is general education, not medical advice. If anything here sounds like your skin, we will tell you honestly at consultation whether we can help or whether you should see your GP or dermatologist first.

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